Arithmetic Reasoning
✏️ Practice with curated questions covering all difficulty levels. Detailed solutions and expert tips help you master each question type.
Sample Questions
Study MaterialSample Questions – Arithmetic Reasoning
Arithmetic Reasoning questions test a candidate’s ability to apply mathematical concepts and logical thinking to solve real-world numerical problems. These questions are frequently asked in Banking, SSC, Railway, Insurance, MBA entrance, and various government competitive examinations.
Below are important exam-oriented sample questions with detailed explanations and step-by-step solutions.
Sample Question 1 – Percentage Problem
Question:
If 25% of a number is 75, find the number.
A. 150
B. 200
C. 250
D. 300
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Let the number be x.
25% of x = 75
25/100 × x = 75
x = 75 × 100 ÷ 25
x = 300
Sample Question 2 – Ratio & Proportion
Question:
The ratio of Rahul and Aman’s ages is 3 : 5. If Rahul is 18 years old, find Aman’s age.
A. 24 years
B. 30 years
C. 36 years
D. 40 years
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
3 parts = 18
1 part = 6
5 parts = 5 × 6
Aman’s age = 30 years
Sample Question 3 – Average Problem
Question:
Find the average of 12, 18, 24, and 30.
A. 18
B. 20
C. 21
D. 24
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Sum = 12 + 18 + 24 + 30
= 84
Average = 84 ÷ 4
Average = 21
Sample Question 4 – Profit & Loss
Question:
A shopkeeper buys a product for ₹500 and sells it for ₹650. Find the profit percentage.
A. 20%
B. 25%
C. 30%
D. 35%
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Profit = 650 − 500
= ₹150
Profit % = (150 ÷ 500) × 100
Profit % = 30%
Sample Question 5 – Time & Distance
Question:
A car travels 180 km in 3 hours. Find the speed.
A. 40 km/h
B. 50 km/h
C. 60 km/h
D. 70 km/h
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
180 ÷ 3
Speed = 60 km/h
Sample Question 6 – Simple Interest
Question:
Find the simple interest on ₹2000 at 5% per annum for 3 years.
A. ₹200
B. ₹250
C. ₹300
D. ₹350
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Simple Interest =
(P × R × T) ÷ 100
= (2000 × 5 × 3) ÷ 100
= ₹300
Sample Question 7 – Probability
Question:
What is the probability of getting an even number when a dice is rolled once?
A. 1/6
B. 1/3
C. 1/2
D. 2/3
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Even numbers on dice:
2, 4, 6
Favorable outcomes = 3
Total outcomes = 6
Probability = 3/6
= 1/2
Sample Question 8 – Time & Work
Question:
A can complete a work in 10 days. How much work does he complete in 1 day?
A. 1/5
B. 1/10
C. 1/15
D. 1/20
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Work completed in 1 day:
1/10
Sample Question 9 – Mixture Problem
Question:
A mixture contains milk and water in the ratio 4 : 1. If the mixture quantity is 25 liters, find the quantity of water.
A. 4 liters
B. 5 liters
C. 6 liters
D. 7 liters
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Total ratio parts:
4 + 1 = 5
Water quantity:
(1/5) × 25
= 5 liters
Sample Question 10 – Age Problem
Question:
The present age of a father is twice the age of his son. If the son is 15 years old, find the father’s age.
A. 25 years
B. 30 years
C. 35 years
D. 40 years
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Father’s age = 2 × 15
= 30 years
Sample Question 11 – Discount Problem
Question:
A product marked at ₹1000 is sold at a 20% discount. Find the selling price.
A. ₹700
B. ₹750
C. ₹800
D. ₹850
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Discount = 20% of 1000
= ₹200
Selling Price = 1000 − 200
= ₹800
Sample Question 12 – Equation Problem
Question:
Solve:
3x + 5 = 20
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
3x = 20 − 5
3x = 15
x = 5
Sample Question 13 – Partnership Problem
Question:
A and B invest money in the ratio 2 : 3. If the total profit is ₹5000, find B’s share.
A. ₹1500
B. ₹2000
C. ₹2500
D. ₹3000
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Total ratio = 2 + 3 = 5
B’s share:
(3/5) × 5000
= ₹3000
Sample Question 14 – Train Problem
Question:
A train moving at 72 km/h covers a distance in 2 hours. Find the distance.
A. 120 km
B. 124 km
C. 144 km
D. 160 km
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Distance = Speed × Time
72 × 2
= 144 km
Sample Question 15 – Compound Calculation
Question:
Find 15% of 240.
A. 24
B. 30
C. 36
D. 42
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
10% of 240 = 24
5% of 240 = 12
15% = 24 + 12
= 36
Quick Solving Tips for Arithmetic Reasoning
- Read questions carefully.
- Identify important numerical data.
- Use correct formulas.
- Convert words into equations.
- Apply step-by-step calculations.
- Use approximation when needed.
- Verify final answers.
- Practice mental calculations regularly.
Most Important Arithmetic Reasoning Topics
| Topic | Importance Level |
|---|---|
| Percentage | Very High |
| Ratio & Proportion | Very High |
| Average | High |
| Profit & Loss | Very High |
| Time & Distance | Very High |
| Simple Interest | Moderate |
Practice Strategy
- Practice arithmetic calculations daily.
- Memorize important formulas.
- Improve speed calculation techniques.
- Solve previous year aptitude questions.
- Focus on accuracy before speed.
- Analyze mistakes after practice.
Final Takeaway
Sample Questions in Arithmetic Reasoning help candidates strengthen numerical ability, logical thinking, calculation speed, and analytical problem-solving skills. Regular practice of percentages, ratios, averages, profit-loss, probability, and time-distance problems greatly improves competitive examination performance.
Strong understanding of arithmetic fundamentals and logical interpretation techniques helps candidates solve Arithmetic Reasoning questions quickly, accurately, and confidently.