Statement and Conclusions
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Sample Questions
Study MaterialStatement and Conclusions: Sample Questions
The following 60 practice questions are designed to help you master the topic of Statement and Conclusions. The questions cover direct conclusions, indirect conclusions, scope, assumptions, over-generalisation, cause and effect, multiple statements, and advanced logical inference.
Directions: In each question, a statement or a set of statements is followed by two conclusions. Assume that the information given in the statement(s) is true and decide which conclusion logically follows.
Options:
- Only conclusion I follows.
- Only conclusion II follows.
- Either conclusion I or II follows.
- Neither conclusion I nor II follows.
- Both conclusions I and II follow.
Part 1: Basic Direct Conclusions
Question 1
Statement: All registered employees have access to the company's internal portal.
Conclusions:
I. Registered employees can access the internal portal.
II. Every person with access to the portal is a registered employee.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The statement directly establishes that registered employees have access. It does not establish that registered employees are the only people who can have access.
Question 2
Statement: All certified trainers have completed the required certification program.
Conclusions:
I. Every certified trainer has completed the required program.
II. Every person who completed the program is a certified trainer.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The first conclusion follows directly. The second reverses the relationship and is not established by the statement.
Question 3
Statement: Some students use digital learning platforms.
Conclusions:
I. At least some students use digital learning platforms.
II. All students use digital learning platforms.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: "Some" establishes the existence of at least some students using the platforms. It does not establish that all students do so.
Question 4
Statement: No employee in the department is absent today.
Conclusions:
I. Every employee in the department is present today.
II. At least one employee in the department is absent today.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: "No employee is absent" means that employees in the department are not absent. Conclusion II directly contradicts the statement.
Question 5
Statement: Every approved application requires identity verification.
Conclusions:
I. An approved application requires identity verification.
II. Applications that require identity verification are necessarily approved.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The statement gives the direction Approved Application → Identity Verification. It does not establish the reverse.
Question 6
Statement: Several branches of the bank have introduced digital customer-service systems.
Conclusions:
I. Some bank branches have introduced digital customer-service systems.
II. All bank branches have introduced digital customer-service systems.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: "Several" supports "some" but does not support "all."
Question 7
Statement: All premium members receive priority customer support.
Conclusions:
I. Every premium member receives priority customer support.
II. Only premium members receive priority customer support.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The statement tells us what happens to premium members. It does not say that non-premium members cannot receive priority support.
Question 8
Statement: None of the selected candidates failed the final assessment.
Conclusions:
I. Every selected candidate passed the final assessment.
II. Some selected candidates failed the final assessment.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: If none of the selected candidates failed, the selected candidates did not fail. Conclusion II contradicts the statement.
Question 9
Statement: Most customers prefer receiving transaction alerts through mobile applications.
Conclusions:
I. A large proportion of customers prefer mobile application alerts.
II. Every customer prefers mobile application alerts.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: "Most" indicates a majority but does not mean "every."
Question 10
Statement: All employees who completed the safety training received a digital certificate.
Conclusions:
I. Employees who completed the safety training received a digital certificate.
II. Employees who received a digital certificate necessarily completed the safety training.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The first conclusion follows directly. The second assumes that safety training was the only way to receive a certificate.
Part 2: Scope and Over-Generalisation
Question 11
Statement: Some employees prefer working from the office.
Conclusions:
I. At least some employees prefer working from the office.
II. All employees prefer working from the office.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The statement establishes only a subset of employees.
Question 12
Statement: A number of students participated in the coding competition.
Conclusions:
I. Some students participated in the coding competition.
II. Every student participated in the coding competition.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: "A number of" indicates multiple participants but does not establish universal participation.
Question 13
Statement: Several customers reported difficulty using the new application.
Conclusions:
I. Some customers experienced difficulty using the application.
II. All customers experienced difficulty using the application.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The statement supports some customers, not all customers.
Question 14
Statement: Most employees completed the annual compliance training.
Conclusions:
I. More than half of the employees completed the training.
II. Every employee completed the training.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: "Most" indicates a majority, not necessarily everyone.
Question 15
Statement: Only employees with valid security credentials can enter the restricted laboratory.
Conclusions:
I. Employees without valid security credentials cannot enter the restricted laboratory.
II. Every employee with valid security credentials will definitely enter the laboratory.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: "Only" establishes a necessary condition for entry. It does not guarantee that every eligible employee will actually enter.
Question 16
Statement: At least 80 employees attended the annual conference.
Conclusions:
I. At least 80 employees attended the conference.
II. Exactly 80 employees attended the conference.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: "At least 80" means 80 or more. It does not establish exactly 80.
Question 17
Statement: The company has introduced flexible working arrangements for several teams.
Conclusions:
I. Several teams have flexible working arrangements.
II. Every team in the company has flexible working arrangements.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: "Several teams" cannot be expanded to "every team."
Question 18
Statement: No product in the recalled batch should be sold.
Conclusions:
I. Products in the recalled batch should not be sold.
II. Products outside the recalled batch should not be sold.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The restriction applies specifically to the recalled batch.
Question 19
Statement: Every project approved by the review committee has a documented risk assessment.
Conclusions:
I. An approved project has a documented risk assessment.
II. Every project with a documented risk assessment is approved by the committee.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The statement establishes Approved → Risk Assessment. The reverse is not established.
Question 20
Statement: Some branches reported higher customer satisfaction after introducing self-service facilities.
Conclusions:
I. Some branches reported higher customer satisfaction.
II. All branches experienced higher customer satisfaction because of self-service facilities.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The first conclusion is directly supported. The second generalises the result and also assumes causation.
Part 3: Assumptions, Reversal and Unsupported Inference
Question 21
Statement: The company increased its advertising budget this year.
Conclusions:
I. The company's sales will definitely increase.
II. The company expects advertising to play an important role in its business strategy.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion II follows.
Explanation: The statement does not guarantee higher sales. Increasing the advertising budget reasonably indicates that advertising is being given greater strategic importance.
Question 22
Statement: The city introduced additional bicycle lanes on major roads.
Conclusions:
I. The city has taken a measure to support bicycle transportation.
II. Bicycle transportation is now the city's most popular form of transportation.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The first conclusion follows from the stated action. The second introduces an unsupported claim about popularity.
Question 23
Statement: The organisation launched a new employee learning portal.
Conclusions:
I. The organisation has provided a new platform for employee learning resources.
II. Every employee will use the portal regularly.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: Launching the portal establishes its availability, not universal or regular usage.
Question 24
Statement: The bank introduced additional security checks for online transactions.
Conclusions:
I. The bank has taken a measure related to transaction security.
II. Online transactions were completely unsafe before the new checks.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The statement establishes additional security measures. It does not establish that transactions were completely unsafe before them.
Question 25
Statement: The school provided additional digital learning resources to students.
Conclusions:
I. Students now have access to additional digital learning resources.
II. Students will no longer need textbooks.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The second conclusion assumes that digital resources will completely replace textbooks, which is not stated.
Question 26
Statement: The company has started offering electric vehicles in its new product range.
Conclusions:
I. Electric vehicles are now part of the company's product range.
II. The company will stop producing all conventional vehicles.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The statement establishes the addition of electric vehicles. It does not establish discontinuation of conventional vehicles.
Question 27
Statement: Several employees requested additional training in data analytics.
Conclusions:
I. Some employees have an interest in additional data analytics training.
II. All employees require advanced data analytics training.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The statement concerns several employees and cannot be generalised to everyone.
Question 28
Statement: The company reduced the number of physical offices and expanded its digital services.
Conclusions:
I. The company has increased its reliance on digital services.
II. The company is increasing its physical office network.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The first conclusion is supported by the stated expansion of digital services. The second contradicts the reduction in physical offices.
Question 29
Statement: A new public library was opened in the city.
Conclusions:
I. Residents now have access to a new public library.
II. The new library will become the most popular library in the city.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The first conclusion is a direct implication. The second predicts popularity without evidence.
Question 30
Statement: The company has made its customer-support service available 24 hours a day.
Conclusions:
I. Customers can access the support service at any time of the day.
II. All customers will contact support outside normal working hours.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: 24-hour availability does not imply that all customers will use the service outside normal working hours.
Part 4: Multiple Statements and Chain Reasoning
Question 31
Statements:
All certified trainers have completed the required examination.
Ravi is a certified trainer.
Conclusions:
I. Ravi has completed the required examination.
II. Ravi has not completed the required examination.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: Ravi belongs to the group of certified trainers, and all certified trainers have completed the examination.
Question 32
Statements:
All approved vendors complete the compliance process.
Vendor A is an approved vendor.
Conclusions:
I. Vendor A completes the compliance process.
II. Vendor A is exempt from the compliance process.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: Vendor A is explicitly included in the group that must complete the process.
Question 33
Statements:
All employees who complete the security course receive a security certificate.
Meera completed the security course.
Conclusions:
I. Meera received a security certificate.
II. Meera did not receive a security certificate.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: Meera satisfies the condition stated in the first statement.
Question 34
Statements:
All premium customers receive priority support.
Arun does not receive priority support.
Conclusions:
I. Arun is not a premium customer.
II. Arun is a premium customer.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: If all premium customers receive priority support and Arun does not receive it, Arun cannot be a premium customer under the stated relationship.
Question 35
Statements:
All A are B.
All B are C.
Conclusions:
I. All A are C.
II. All C are A.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The relationship is A → B → C. The reverse C → A is not established.
Question 36
Statements:
All certified analysts complete the assessment.
All employees who complete the assessment receive a training record.
Conclusions:
I. Certified analysts receive a training record.
II. Everyone who receives a training record is a certified analyst.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: Certified analyst → Assessment completed → Training record. The reverse chain is not established.
Question 37
Statements:
All registered suppliers must submit compliance documents.
Supplier X has not submitted compliance documents.
Conclusions:
I. Supplier X is not a registered supplier.
II. Supplier X is a registered supplier.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: If every registered supplier must submit the documents and Supplier X has not submitted them, Supplier X cannot be established as a registered supplier.
Question 38
Statements:
All employees in Team A completed the training.
Neha is a member of Team A.
Conclusions:
I. Neha completed the training.
II. Neha did not complete the training.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: Neha belongs to Team A, and all Team A employees completed the training.
Question 39
Statements:
Every approved project has a documented risk assessment.
Project X is approved.
Conclusions:
I. Project X has a documented risk assessment.
II. Project X has no documented risk assessment.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: Project X belongs to the group of approved projects, so it has the stated risk assessment.
Question 40
Statements:
All employees who pass the assessment receive a certification record.
Rohan received a certification record.
Conclusions:
I. Rohan passed the assessment.
II. Rohan may have received the record through another process.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion II follows.
Explanation: The statement establishes Pass → Certification Record. Receiving a certification record does not prove that the assessment was passed unless passing was stated to be the only route.
Part 5: Advanced Logical Conclusions
Question 41
Statement: The organisation has introduced a policy requiring employees to complete cybersecurity awareness training annually.
Conclusions:
I. Employees are required to complete cybersecurity awareness training every year.
II. Employees who fail to complete the training will definitely lose their jobs.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The annual requirement is explicit. No employment consequence is stated.
Question 42
Statement: The university has increased the number of seats in its evening courses.
Conclusions:
I. The university has increased evening-course capacity.
II. More students will definitely enrol in evening courses.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: Increased capacity does not guarantee increased enrolment.
Question 43
Statement: The retailer offered discounts on selected products during the festival period.
Conclusions:
I. The prices of some products were reduced during the festival period.
II. Every product sold by the retailer was available at a discount.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: "Selected products" refers only to a subset.
Question 44
Statement: The transport authority added additional buses on routes with high passenger demand.
Conclusions:
I. The authority has increased bus availability on some high-demand routes.
II. Every bus route in the city has high passenger demand.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The statement refers specifically to routes with high passenger demand.
Question 45
Statement: The company postponed the product launch because the final quality checks were incomplete.
Conclusions:
I. The product launch did not take place as originally scheduled.
II. The final quality checks were considered relevant to the launch decision.
✓ Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow.
Explanation: Postponing the launch because the checks were incomplete establishes both the postponement and the relevance of the checks to the decision.
Question 46
Statement: The company discontinued one of its software products after receiving limited customer demand.
Conclusions:
I. The product was discontinued.
II. Limited customer demand was a factor in the discontinuation decision.
✓ Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow.
Explanation: Both conclusions are explicitly or directly supported by the statement.
Question 47
Statement: The hospital expanded its emergency department to accommodate increasing patient traffic.
Conclusions:
I. The emergency department has been expanded.
II. Increasing patient traffic was considered in the expansion decision.
✓ Answer: Both conclusions I and II follow.
Explanation: The statement directly connects the expansion with increasing patient traffic.
Question 48
Statement: The company introduced a mentoring program for newly hired employees.
Conclusions:
I. The company has introduced a program intended for newly hired employees.
II. Newly hired employees will perform better than all existing employees.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: The statement gives the purpose and target group of the program but makes no comparison about employee performance.
Question 49
Statement: The government extended the deadline for submitting applications for the scheme.
Conclusions:
I. The application deadline has been moved to a later date.
II. Every eligible person will now submit an application.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: Extending a deadline does not guarantee that every eligible person will apply.
Question 50
Statement: The company has made additional technical support available to customers during the software migration period.
Conclusions:
I. Customers have access to additional technical support during the migration period.
II. Every customer will experience technical problems during migration.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: Additional support does not prove that every customer will face problems.
Part 6: Challenge Questions
Question 51
Statements:
All employees who are authorised to approve expenses have completed financial-control training.
Some employees who completed financial-control training are not authorised to approve expenses.
Conclusions:
I. All employees who completed financial-control training are authorised to approve expenses.
II. Some employees who completed financial-control training are not authorised to approve expenses.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion II follows.
Explanation: Conclusion II is directly stated. Conclusion I contradicts the information that some trained employees are not authorised.
Question 52
Statements:
All premium customers receive priority support.
Some customers receive priority support without being premium customers.
Conclusions:
I. Only premium customers receive priority support.
II. Some customers who receive priority support are not premium customers.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion II follows.
Explanation: The second statement directly establishes II. The first conclusion is contradicted by the existence of non-premium customers receiving priority support.
Question 53
Statements:
Every project that passes the quality review can proceed to implementation.
Project A cannot proceed to implementation.
Conclusions:
I. Project A did not pass the quality review.
II. Project A passed the quality review.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: If passing the review is sufficient for proceeding, and Project A cannot proceed, it cannot have passed the review under the stated relationship.
Question 54
Statements:
All employees who work on confidential projects have completed data-security training.
Rahul has completed data-security training.
Conclusions:
I. Rahul works on a confidential project.
II. Rahul may work on a confidential project.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion II follows.
Explanation: The statement gives Confidential Project → Security Training. Completing training does not prove that Rahul works on a confidential project. It remains possible, but it is not established.
Question 55
Statements:
Some products in the store are locally manufactured.
All locally manufactured products carry a special label.
Conclusions:
I. Some products in the store carry a special label.
II. All products in the store carry a special label.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: Some products are locally manufactured, and all such products carry the label. Therefore, some products carry the label. Nothing establishes that all products do.
Question 56
Statements:
All employees who work in Department A have completed the required safety training.
Some employees who completed the required safety training work in Department B.
Conclusions:
I. Every employee who completed the safety training works in Department A.
II. Some employees who completed the safety training do not work in Department A.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion II follows.
Explanation: The second statement establishes that some trained employees belong to Department B. Therefore, training completion does not imply membership in Department A.
Question 57
Statements:
All applications submitted before the deadline are considered for the first selection round.
Application X was not considered for the first selection round.
Conclusions:
I. Application X was not submitted before the deadline.
II. Application X was submitted before the deadline.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion I follows.
Explanation: Submission before the deadline is sufficient for consideration in the first round. Since X was not considered, it cannot have been submitted before the deadline under the stated relationship.
Question 58
Statements:
Every employee who receives a promotion has achieved the required performance rating.
Some employees have achieved the required performance rating but have not received promotions.
Conclusions:
I. Achieving the required performance rating guarantees promotion.
II. Achieving the required performance rating does not necessarily guarantee promotion.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion II follows.
Explanation: The second statement provides examples of employees who achieved the required rating but did not receive promotions. Therefore, the rating is not sufficient by itself to guarantee promotion.
Question 59
Statements:
All high-priority support cases are reviewed by a senior specialist.
Case X was reviewed by a senior specialist.
Conclusions:
I. Case X was a high-priority support case.
II. Case X may have been a high-priority support case.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion II follows.
Explanation: High Priority → Senior Review. The reverse is not established. Case X may be high priority, but the statement does not prove it.
Question 60
Statements:
All approved suppliers have completed the compliance assessment.
Some suppliers that completed the compliance assessment have not yet been approved.
Conclusions:
I. Completion of the compliance assessment guarantees supplier approval.
II. Completion of the compliance assessment does not necessarily guarantee supplier approval.
✓ Answer: Only conclusion II follows.
Explanation: The second statement explicitly shows that some suppliers completed the assessment but were not approved. Therefore, assessment completion is not sufficient for approval.
Answer Key
| Question | Answer | Question | Answer | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only I | 21 | Only II | 41 | Only I |
| 2 | Only I | 22 | Only I | 42 | Only I |
| 3 | Only I | 23 | Only I | 43 | Only I |
| 4 | Only I | 24 | Only I | 44 | Only I |
| 5 | Only I | 25 | Only I | 45 | Both I & II |
| 6 | Only I | 26 | Only I | 46 | Both I & II |
| 7 | Only I | 27 | Only I | 47 | Both I & II |
| 8 | Only I | 28 | Only I | 48 | Only I |
| 9 | Only I | 29 | Only I | 49 | Only I |
| 10 | Only I | 30 | Only I | 50 | Only I |
| 11 | Only I | 31 | Only I | 51 | Only II |
| 12 | Only I | 32 | Only I | 52 | Only II |
| 13 | Only I | 33 | Only I | 53 | Only I |
| 14 | Only I | 34 | Only I | 54 | Only II |
| 15 | Only I | 35 | Only I | 55 | Only I |
| 16 | Only I | 36 | Only I | 56 | Only II |
| 17 | Only I | 37 | Only I | 57 | Only I |
| 18 | Only I | 38 | Only I | 58 | Only II |
| 19 | Only I | 39 | Only I | 59 | Only II |
| 20 | Only I | 40 | Only II | 60 | Only II |
Common Traps in Statement and Conclusions
Trap 1: Some → All
If the statement says some, several, many, or a number of, do not automatically conclude that everyone is included.
Trap 2: A → B Means B → A
This is one of the most frequent logical errors. A statement such as "All A are B" does not mean "All B are A."
Trap 3: Possible → Follows
A conclusion may be possible but still fail to follow. Look for certainty, not possibility.
Trap 4: Adding Outside Information
Do not introduce facts that are not stated or logically established.
Trap 5: Assuming Causation
Two events appearing together do not necessarily mean that one caused the other.
Trap 6: Personal Opinion
Your opinion about the subject has no role in determining whether a conclusion follows.
Trap 7: Unsupported Numbers
A statement saying that something increased does not support a conclusion specifying an exact percentage or number.
Trap 8: Unsupported Comparisons
A positive statement about one product or group does not establish that it is better than another product or group.
Fast Strategy for Competitive Exams
STEP 1: Read the statement carefully.
↓
STEP 2: Identify exactly what is given.
↓
STEP 3: Read Conclusion I independently.
↓
STEP 4: Ask, "Must this be true?"
↓
STEP 5: Check for assumption, reversal, contradiction, or over-generalisation.
↓
STEP 6: Test Conclusion II independently.
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STEP 7: Select the appropriate answer option.
The 10-Second Test
GIVEN? Is it supported by the statement?
CERTAIN? Must it follow?
SCOPE? Does it stay within the stated limits?
ASSUMPTION? Does it require extra information?
If a conclusion fails any of these checks, examine it carefully before accepting it.
Final Revision
Remember these five rules:
- Use only the information given.
- Accept a conclusion only when it is logically established.
- Do not confuse possibility with certainty.
- Never add unsupported assumptions or reverse relationships.
- Evaluate every conclusion independently.
LearnFrenzy Golden Rule
Do not ask, "Could this conclusion be true?"
Ask, "Must this conclusion be true based only on the information given?"
With regular practice, the Statement and Conclusions chapter becomes less about guessing and more about applying a consistent logical process. Focus on scope, certainty, direction, assumptions, and direct logical support to improve both speed and accuracy.