Logical Reasoning

Statement and Assumptions - Expert Level

Logical Reasoning Exercise Mode

Statement and Assumptions - Expert Level

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15 Minutes
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Directions to Solve

In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.

Give answer

(A) If only assumption I is implicit

(B) If only assumption II is implicit

(C) If either I or II is implicit

(D) If neither I nor II is implicit

(E) If both I and II are implicit.

Question 21
Statement : It is not true that the mightiest superpower always wins wars and gets accolades from other countries.
Assumptions :

I. Winners are sometimes admired and appreciated.
II. Winners are occasionally criticized.
A
If only assumption I is implicit
B
If only assumption II is implicit
C
If either I or II is implicit
D
If neither I nor II is implicit
E
If both I and II are implicit
Correct Answer: Option E

The statement mentions that superpowers do win wars but their victory is not always applauded, but sometimes criticized as well in case the victory is an act of oppression of the weaker nation, and is not backed by a reasonable cause. So, both I and II are implicit.

Question 22
Statement : The higher echelon of any organization are expected to be models of observational learning and should not be considered as merely sources of reward and punishments.
Assumptions :

I. Employees are likely to be sensitive enough to learn by observing the behavior of their bosses.
II. Normally bosses are considered as sources of reward and punishment.
A
If only assumption I is implicit
B
If only assumption II is implicit
C
If either I or II is implicit
D
If neither I nor II is implicit
E
If both I and II are implicit
Correct Answer: Option E

The statement advises people not to consider their bosses as more 'supervisors' to control and assess their acts, but as 'models' to imitate in their working . So, both I and II are implicit.

Question 23
Statement : The school authorities have decided to increase the number of students in each classroom to seventy from the next academic session to bridge the gap between the income and the expenditure to a large extent.
Assumptions :

I. The income generated by way of fees of the additional students will be sufficient enough to bridge the gap.
II. The school will get all the additional students in each class from the next academic session.
A
If only assumption I is implicit
B
If only assumption II is implicit
C
If either I or II is implicit
D
If neither I nor II is implicit
E
If both I and II are implicit
Correct Answer: Option A

Clearly increasing the number of children in each class would increase the income and reduce the expenditure per child. But the response to the school's decision cannot be deduced. So, only I is implicit.

Question 24
Statement : "Two moths ago, it was announced that Central Government pensioners would get dearness relief with immediate effect but till date, banks have not credited the arrears. " - A statement from the pensioners forum.
Assumptions : 

I. Most of the banks normally take care of the pensioners.
II. Two months' time is sufficient for the government machinery to move and give effect to pensioners.
A
If only assumption I is implicit
B
If only assumption II is implicit
C
If either I or II is implicit
D
If neither I nor II is implicit
E
If both I and II are implicit
Correct Answer: Option B

I is vague and so it is not implicit. The statement expresses grave concern over the pensioners not having received dearness relief even two months after the implementation of the policy. This implies that two months time is sufficient and ti's already too late. So, II is implicit.

Question 25
Statement : A good book, even if costly, is sold.
Assumptions : 

I. Some books are better than others.
II. Most of the books are costly.

A
If only assumption I is implicit.
B
if only assumption is II implicit.
C
if either I or II is implicit.
D
if neither I nor II is implicit.
E
if both I and II is implicit.
Correct Answer: Option A

The statement talks about a 'good' book. This means that some books may not be good. So, I is implicit. The words 'if costly' show that most books are not costly. So, II is not implicit.

Question 26
Statement : "You must learn to refer to the dictionary if you want to become a good writer". - A advises B.
Assumptions : 

I. Only writers, refer to the dictionary.
II. All writer, good or bad, refer to the dictionary.

A
If only assumption I is implicit.
B
If only assumption II is implicit.
C
If either I or II is implicit.
D
If neither I nor II is implicit.
E
If both I and II are implicit.
Correct Answer: Option D

It does not follow from the statement that only writers and nobody else refers to the dictionary. Also, nothing is mentioned about bad writers. So, neither I or II is implicit.

Question 27
Statement : "Fly X airways whenever you decide to go places. Our fares are less than train fares". - An advertisement.
Assumptions : 

I. People prefer to travel by air when  the fares are reasonable. 
II. The fares of other airlines are costlier than those of X airways.

A
If only assumption I is implicit.
B
If only assumption II is implicit.
C
If either I or II is implicit.
D
If neither I nor II is implicit.
E
If both I and II are implicit.
Correct Answer: Option E

The advertisement highlights the fact that fares of X airways are less than train fares. This implies that people would prefer to travel by air rather than by train if they do not have to pay extra for it. So I is implicit. Besides, this feature also reveals that fares of X airways are lower than those of other airlines. So, II is also implicit.

Question 28
Statement : Believe me, I have read it in newspaper X.
Assumptions : 

I. Newspaper X gives reliable information/news.
II. I am reporting exactly as it is given in newspaper X.

A
If only assumption I is implicit.
B
If only assumption II is implicit.
C
If either I or II is implicit.
D
If neither I nor II is implicit.
E
If both I and II are implicit.
Correct Answer: Option B

The narrator in the statement clearly insists on the reliability of the fact that what he said, he had read it in newspaper X, and not on the truth of what he said. So, only II is implicit.

Question 29
Statement : An advertisement : If you want to follow the footprints of an ideal leader, wear 'X' brand of shoes.
Assumptions :

I. Most people like to become ideal leaders.
II. One can't become ideal leaders unless one wears 'X' brand of shoes.

A
If only assumption I is implicit.
B
If only assumption II is implicit.
C
If either I or II is implicit.
D
If neither I nor II is implicit.
E
If both I and Ii are implicit.
Correct Answer: Option A

Clearly, the advertisement mentioned here is merely a catchy slogan, and attempt has been made to touch the deep desire of the masses to draw their attention towards the product. So, only I is implicit.

Question 30
Statement : An announcement : Passengers in their own interest, are advised to fasten their seat belts while seated in the trolley of the rope way.
Assumptions : 

I. People are always  careful about their own safety.
II. Unless advised, passengers might not use the seat belts.

A
If only assumption I is implicit.
B
If only assumption II is implicit.
C
If either I or II is implicit.
D
If neither I nor II is implicit.
E
If both i and Ii are implicit.
Correct Answer: Option E

The stress on' in their own interest ' in the statement indicates that people should use seat belts for their own safety . So, I is implicit. Besides, the announcement has been made to caution passenger to be careful if they want to enjoy a safe ride. So, II is also implicit.

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