Matching Definitions - Sample Questions

The following 60 exam-oriented questions are designed to test your ability to match a given definition with the situation that best represents it. The questions cover the major techniques discussed in this chapter, including core meaning, essential conditions, behaviour, relationships, processes, qualifying words, elimination, contradiction, partial matches, and minimum assumptions.

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Part 1: Basic Matching Definitions (Q1-Q10)

Q1. Definition: A person who voluntarily helps another person without expecting a personal benefit.

1. Ravi helps his colleague complete a difficult report because the colleague promised to pay him.
2. Neha spends her weekend helping an elderly neighbour carry groceries without asking for anything in return.
3. Amit completes his assigned office work before leaving for home.
4. Priya buys groceries for herself after work.

Q2. Definition: A decision made after carefully comparing several available alternatives.

1. Rahul selects the first laptop he sees in a store.
2. Meera chooses a course after comparing its duration, fees, curriculum, and career value with three other courses.
3. Karan buys a phone because his friend likes the same model.
4. Anita selects a restaurant because it is closest to her office.

Q3. Definition: An event that happens unexpectedly and is not deliberately planned.

1. A team schedules a meeting for Friday.
2. A company plans its annual conference six months in advance.
3. A cyclist encounters an unexpected road closure while travelling to work.
4. A student prepares a timetable before examinations.

Q4. Definition: A statement supported by evidence rather than merely by personal belief.

1. A researcher concludes that a treatment is effective after analysing results from a controlled study.
2. A student says a particular subject is easy because she personally enjoys it.
3. A customer says one shop is the best because it is his favourite.
4. A manager chooses a supplier because he likes the supplier's presentation.

Q5. Definition: The act of postponing something that should be done now or soon.

1. Vikram completes his assignment two days before the deadline.
2. Riya prepares tomorrow's presentation during the evening.
3. Arjun starts a project immediately after receiving the instructions.
4. Simran repeatedly delays submitting her application even though all required documents are ready.

Q6. Definition: An arrangement in which each item has a specific position or place.

1. A list of employees is arranged randomly on a desk.
2. Books are placed on numbered shelves, with each book assigned to a particular shelf.
3. Customers enter a store at different times.
4. Students discuss different subjects during lunch.

Q7. Definition: A process in which an existing item is changed into a different form while retaining its basic identity.

1. A document is converted from one file format to another.
2. A new document is created without using an existing document.
3. A file is permanently deleted.
4. A document is stored without modification.

Q8. Definition: A person who takes responsibility for correcting a problem that they have identified.

1. Rahul notices a broken office chair but leaves it for someone else.
2. Priya notices an incorrect report and ignores it.
3. Dev notices an error in the report, informs the team, and takes responsibility for correcting it.
4. Meera notices that another department has a problem.

Q9. Definition: A location that provides easy access to the people it is intended to serve.

1. A public library is located beside a major bus stop and within walking distance of several residential areas.
2. A warehouse is located in an isolated industrial area.
3. An office is located in a restricted private compound.
4. A shop is moved to a location that is difficult for customers to reach.

Q10. Definition: An action performed deliberately to prevent a problem before it occurs.

1. A company repairs a machine after it breaks down.
2. A school replaces a damaged classroom window.
3. A hospital treats an infection after symptoms appear.
4. A factory performs scheduled maintenance to reduce the chance of machine failure.

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Part 2: Essential Conditions and Partial Matches (Q11-Q20)

Q11. Definition: A purchase made only after the buyer has compared prices from different sellers.

1. Rohan buys a product from the first seller he contacts.
2. Anita buys a product after comparing prices from three sellers.
3. Meena buys a product because her friend recommends it.
4. Karan buys a product because it is displayed prominently.

Q12. Definition: A meeting held exclusively for employees of a particular department.

1. A meeting attended by employees from several departments.
2. A meeting attended by department employees and external consultants.
3. A meeting attended only by employees of the finance department.
4. A company-wide meeting attended by all employees.

Q13. Definition: A communication sent directly to a specific person rather than to a general audience.

1. A public notice displayed on a website.
2. An announcement made through a company's social media page.
3. An email sent individually to a specific employee regarding their work schedule.
4. A message displayed on the office notice board.

Q14. Definition: A solution that addresses the underlying cause of a problem rather than only its visible symptom.

1. A company repeatedly clears water from a floor without fixing the leaking pipe.
2. A school replaces a broken water pipe that was causing repeated flooding.
3. An office places a warning sign near a slippery floor without investigating why it remains wet.
4. A shop cleans spilled water every morning without checking the source of the leak.

Q15. Definition: An activity that requires the participants to work together toward the same objective.

1. Four employees independently prepare separate reports.
2. Two students compete against each other in a quiz.
3. A project team divides tasks and works together to complete a common client assignment.
4. Three customers separately select products in a store.

Q16. Definition: A policy that applies to every employee without exception.

1. A policy that applies only to new employees.
2. A policy that applies to most employees but excludes senior managers.
3. A policy that applies only to employees working remotely.
4. A policy stating that every employee must complete annual security training.

Q17. Definition: A person who communicates information indirectly through another person.

1. Priya tells Rahul the information herself.
2. Priya posts the information on a public website.
3. Priya asks Rahul to deliver the information to Sameer on her behalf.
4. Priya writes the information in her personal notebook.

Q18. Definition: A service available at all times without a scheduled closing period.

1. A bank that operates from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
2. A customer support service available 24 hours a day.
3. A library open only during weekdays.
4. A shop that closes every evening.

Q19. Definition: An agreement in which both parties receive a benefit.

1. A company gives a customer a free product without receiving anything in return.
2. A student helps a teacher without receiving any benefit.
3. Two companies exchange services, with each receiving something valuable from the other.
4. A customer receives a refund after returning a defective product.

Q20. Definition: A document containing exactly the information required for a particular purpose, with no unnecessary additions.

1. A five-page form containing unrelated background information.
2. A report containing extensive historical information not requested by the reader.
3. A form containing only the fields required to complete the requested registration.
4. A document containing several optional sections unrelated to the task.

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Part 3: Behaviour and Relationship-Based Definitions (Q21-Q30)

Q21. Definition: A person who changes their position after receiving convincing new evidence.

1. Arun keeps his original opinion despite receiving new evidence.
2. Meera changes her conclusion after reviewing reliable data that contradicts her earlier view.
3. Karan changes his opinion because his friend disagrees with him.
4. Rita refuses to examine any new information.

Q22. Definition: A relationship in which one party provides a service and the other provides payment in return.

1. A friend gives another friend advice without payment.
2. A customer pays a mechanic to repair the customer's vehicle.
3. A student borrows a book from a classmate.
4. A neighbour lends a bicycle to another neighbour for free.

Q23. Definition: A person who deliberately avoids making a decision even when sufficient information is available.

1. Rahul studies the available information before making a decision.
2. Priya asks for additional information because important facts are missing.
3. Sameer has all the required information but repeatedly avoids deciding because he does not want to take responsibility.
4. Neha makes a decision after discussing the matter with her team.

Q24. Definition: A relationship in which two events occur together but one is not necessarily responsible for causing the other.

1. A machine stops because its power supply is disconnected.
2. Two variables are observed to increase together, but no evidence establishes that one causes the other.
3. A student fails because the student did not attend the examination.
4. A glass breaks after falling from a table.

Q25. Definition: A person who keeps information confidential when confidentiality has been explicitly required.

1. An employee shares confidential project details publicly.
2. A manager discusses private employee information with unrelated colleagues.
3. An employee stores sensitive project information securely and does not disclose it after being instructed to keep it confidential.
4. A customer posts a company's private document online.

Q26. Definition: A transaction in which ownership passes from one person to another in exchange for an agreed amount.

1. A person lends a bicycle to a friend for one day.
2. A customer purchases a laptop and ownership is transferred after payment.
3. A student borrows a textbook from the library.
4. A company displays a product in its showroom.

Q27. Definition: A behaviour intended to influence another person's decision through emotional pressure rather than relevant evidence.

1. A manager presents sales data before recommending a new strategy.
2. A researcher explains a conclusion using experimental results.
3. A salesperson tells a customer that refusing to buy will disappoint the salesperson's family, without discussing the product's suitability.
4. An analyst compares the costs and benefits of two options.

Q28. Definition: A situation in which a person benefits from another person's success without contributing to the activity that produced it.

1. All team members contribute equally to a project.
2. A student completes a group assignment and another student receives the same credit without doing any work.
3. A manager assigns tasks to all team members.
4. A teacher gives individual feedback to every student.

Q29. Definition: A process in which a decision is made by considering the views of all relevant participants before reaching a final decision.

1. A manager makes a decision without consulting anyone.
2. A committee collects views from all relevant members and then reaches a final decision.
3. A supervisor selects an option based only on personal preference.
4. A team leader announces a decision before asking for any feedback.

Q30. Definition: A person who performs an action specifically because another person requested it.

1. Arun independently chooses to clean the office.
2. Meera takes a break because she is tired.
3. Rahul prepares a report after his manager specifically asks him to prepare it.
4. Priya studies because she enjoys the subject.

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Part 4: Process and Condition-Based Definitions (Q31-Q40)

Q31. Definition: A process in which a problem is identified, its cause is analysed, and a solution is implemented.

1. A manager notices a recurring delivery problem, identifies the source of the delay, and changes the delivery process.
2. An employee notices a problem and immediately blames another department.
3. A customer complains about a delay without investigating it.
4. A manager ignores a recurring issue.

Q32. Definition: A procedure that must be completed before an application can be approved.

1. An applicant submits required documents before the application is reviewed.
2. An applicant celebrates after receiving approval.
3. An applicant changes the application after approval.
4. An applicant discusses the application with a friend.

Q33. Definition: An action that can be performed only when a particular condition is satisfied.

1. An employee receives a bonus regardless of performance.
2. A customer receives a discount only after meeting the specified minimum purchase amount.
3. A visitor enters a public park without any stated condition.
4. A student reads a book whenever convenient.

Q34. Definition: A sequence in which each stage depends on the successful completion of the previous stage.

1. A project in which testing begins only after the software has been developed.
2. A list of unrelated activities completed at random times.
3. A set of independent meetings scheduled without dependencies.
4. A collection of tasks where every task can be completed independently of the others.

Q35. Definition: A process that produces the same final result whenever the same starting conditions are used.

1. An algorithm that gives a fixed output for the same input every time.
2. A discussion whose outcome depends on the participants' opinions.
3. A meeting where the agenda changes randomly.
4. A negotiation in which the final result depends on changing circumstances.

Q36. Definition: A process in which an existing item is divided into smaller parts for separate handling.

1. A company combines several departments into one unit.
2. A project is divided into smaller tasks assigned to different team members.
3. A report is copied without changes.
4. A file is renamed but its contents remain unchanged.

Q37. Definition: An action taken after a problem has already occurred to reduce its effects.

1. A company installs backup systems before a possible failure.
2. A school conducts safety training before an emergency occurs.
3. A hospital treats an injury after an accident has occurred.
4. A factory performs preventive maintenance before equipment failure.

Q38. Definition: A procedure in which information is checked before it is accepted as accurate.

1. A report is published immediately after it is written.
2. A database entry is reviewed against the original source before being approved.
3. A document is archived without being reviewed.
4. A message is forwarded without checking its contents.

Q39. Definition: An activity performed at regular intervals according to a predetermined schedule.

1. A technician repairs equipment whenever it unexpectedly breaks.
2. An employee takes an unscheduled break.
3. A company conducts equipment inspections every three months according to a fixed schedule.
4. A manager calls a meeting whenever an urgent issue appears.

Q40. Definition: A process in which an item is accepted only after it satisfies all specified requirements.

1. A supplier sends products without any inspection.
2. A warehouse accepts every delivery automatically.
3. A quality team accepts a product only after it passes every required quality check.
4. A customer selects a product based only on appearance.

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Part 5: Qualifying Words and Exact Meaning (Q41-Q50)

Q41. Definition: A task that must be completed by every member of a team.

1. One team member completes the task.
2. Most team members complete the task.
3. Only senior members complete the task.
4. Every member of the team completes the task.

Q42. Definition: An option that is available only when no alternative option is suitable.

1. A backup option selected when the preferred option cannot be used.
2. A first-choice option selected immediately.
3. An option selected even when better alternatives are available.
4. An option chosen randomly without considering alternatives.

Q43. Definition: An event that occurs exactly once during a specified period.

1. A monthly meeting occurs twelve times in a year.
2. A special conference occurs once during the year.
3. A weekly review occurs every week.
4. A daily notification is sent each morning.

Q44. Definition: A person who usually follows a particular procedure but may depart from it when circumstances require.

1. A manager follows the standard procedure in normal cases but uses an alternative procedure when an emergency requires it.
2. A manager always follows the same procedure regardless of circumstances.
3. A manager never follows a standard procedure.
4. A manager changes procedures randomly without considering circumstances.

Q45. Definition: An action that is performed intentionally rather than accidentally.

1. A person accidentally drops a glass.
2. A child unintentionally breaks a toy.
3. An employee deliberately deletes an obsolete file after receiving instructions to do so.
4. A cyclist falls because of a sudden obstacle.

Q46. Definition: A communication made directly between two people without an intermediary.

1. Riya asks a colleague to deliver a message to Anil.
2. Riya sends a message directly to Anil.
3. Riya posts the message on a public notice board.
4. Riya asks a manager to communicate with Anil on her behalf.

Q47. Definition: A requirement that is satisfied before a process can begin.

1. An applicant provides the required identification before registration begins.
2. An applicant receives a confirmation after registration.
3. A student receives a certificate after completing a course.
4. An employee receives feedback after finishing a task.

Q48. Definition: A result that can be achieved without changing any of the specified conditions.

1. A plan succeeds only after additional resources are provided.
2. A project becomes possible only after the deadline is extended.
3. A task is completed successfully under the same conditions already specified.
4. A system works only after a new component is installed.

Q49. Definition: A situation in which two events occur one after another, but the second event is not necessarily caused by the first.

1. A power cut causes a computer to shut down.
2. A person presses a switch and the connected light turns on.
3. A train arrives at a station, and shortly afterward a passenger receives a phone call, with no stated connection between the events.
4. A heavy object falls and damages the floor.

Q50. Definition: A statement that applies to most cases but allows some exceptions.

1. A rule stating that every employee must complete training.
2. A guideline stating that employees usually work from their assigned office but may work elsewhere when authorised.
3. A policy stating that no employee may work remotely under any circumstances.
4. A requirement that applies exactly to every employee.

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Part 6: Advanced Matching Definitions (Q51-Q60)

Q51. Definition: A decision based on the best available evidence while recognising that the information may not be complete.

1. A manager makes a decision based only on personal preference.
2. A researcher refuses to make any decision until every possible piece of information is available.
3. A manager reviews the available performance data, recognises its limitations, and chooses the option best supported by the evidence.
4. A supervisor chooses an option because it is popular with colleagues.

Q52. Definition: A solution that solves a problem without creating a new problem of comparable importance.

1. A school reduces classroom crowding by moving students into an unsafe temporary structure.
2. A company reduces delivery delays by improving route planning without creating additional safety or capacity problems.
3. A hospital reduces waiting time by removing essential staff from emergency services.
4. An office reduces workload by cancelling all customer support.

Q53. Definition: An example that demonstrates a concept directly rather than requiring several assumptions to make it fit.

1. A definition describes a customer returning a damaged product, and the option describes a customer returning an unused product because it was not liked.
2. A definition describes a person volunteering without payment, and the option describes a person helping at a community centre without receiving compensation.
3. A definition describes a scheduled activity, and the option describes an event that might occur sometime in the future.
4. A definition describes a completed process, and the option describes only its possible beginning.

Q54. Definition: A system in which each participant has a different assigned responsibility, and all responsibilities together are necessary for the final outcome.

1. A project team in which one person designs, another tests, and another deploys the software, with all three roles required for release.
2. A group in which everyone performs exactly the same task.
3. A meeting in which participants discuss unrelated subjects.
4. A class in which students independently read different books.

Q55. Definition: A situation in which an option is rejected because it fails one essential requirement, even though it satisfies several other requirements.

1. A candidate satisfies all mandatory requirements and is selected.
2. A product satisfies every stated requirement.
3. A job candidate has excellent experience but does not possess the mandatory qualification required for the position.
4. A supplier meets every mandatory condition but has a slightly higher optional preference score.

Q56. Definition: A process in which an initial general idea is converted into a specific, measurable plan.

1. A manager says that the company should improve customer service.
2. A team converts the goal of improving customer service into measurable targets for response time, resolution rate, and customer satisfaction.
3. An employee discusses customer service informally with a colleague.
4. A company publishes a general statement about future improvement.

Q57. Definition: A choice that remains valid after every stated restriction has been applied.

1. An arrangement violates one of the stated restrictions.
2. An option is selected before checking the restrictions.
3. An arrangement satisfies every condition and restriction given in the problem.
4. An option is selected because it looks attractive despite violating a condition.

Q58. Definition: A conclusion supported by the definition itself rather than by assumptions about what is normally true in real life.

1. A definition states that a service is available only to registered members. An option shows a registered member using that service.
2. A definition states that a process requires three steps. An option adds a fourth step because such processes usually have one.
3. A definition describes a particular behaviour. An option is accepted because the behaviour is common in society.
4. A definition specifies a condition, but the solver assumes that the condition exists because it would normally exist.

Q59. Definition: An example that satisfies the central idea of a definition even though it contains additional information that is not mentioned in the definition.

1. A definition requires voluntary assistance. An option describes a person voluntarily helping a neighbour and also mentions that the person lives nearby.
2. A definition requires voluntary assistance. An option describes compulsory assistance.
3. A definition requires a scheduled process. An option describes an unscheduled activity.
4. A definition requires payment. An option explicitly states that no payment is made.

Q60. Definition: The best example of a concept is the situation that satisfies its essential characteristics most completely and directly.

1. An option that shares one familiar word with the definition but does not satisfy its conditions.
2. An option that partially satisfies the definition but requires several assumptions.
3. An option that satisfies the essential characteristics and directly demonstrates the concept.
4. An option that contains many impressive details but does not satisfy the central requirement.

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Answer Key

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Common Traps in Matching Definitions

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Fast Strategy for the Exam

10-Second Test

Final Revision

Concept	Key Question
Core Meaning	What is the definition actually describing?
Essential Condition	What must be present?
Exact Meaning	Does the situation represent the definition precisely?
Complete Match	Are all essential characteristics satisfied?
Contradiction	Does anything in the option conflict with the definition?
Qualifying Words	Do words such as only, every, exactly, or usually change the match?
Assumption	Am I adding information that is not given?
Elimination	Which options clearly fail the definition?
Final Choice	Which remaining option is the clearest and most complete example?