General Science
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General Science – Quick Revision
General Science is a crucial section in General Knowledge for almost all competitive examinations including SSC, Banking, Railway, UPSC, Defence, Insurance, CAT, State PSC, and other government exams.
This quick revision guide covers important facts from Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Scientific Instruments, Inventions, ISRO, DRDO, and important laws. It is designed for last-minute revision and quick recall of scientific facts.
About This Quick Revision
Complete guide to General Science for competitive exams:
Physics
- Motion & Force
- Energy & Gravitation
- Sound & Light
- Electricity & Magnetism
Chemistry
- Periodic Table
- Chemical Reactions
- Acids, Bases, Salts
- Metals & Non-Metals
Biology
- Human Body Systems
- Cell Biology
- Genetics & Diseases
- Nutrition & Plant Biology
Scientific Instruments
- Microscope, Telescope
- Thermometer, Barometer
- Ammeter, Voltmeter
- Stethoscope, X-ray
Inventions
- Telephone, Light Bulb
- Aeroplane, Steam Engine
- Penicillin, X-Ray
- Computer, Electricity
ISRO & DRDO
- Chandrayaan Missions
- Mangalyaan (Mars)
- Gaganyaan
- PSLV, GSLV
Nobel Prize Winners
- Physics Winners
- Chemistry Winners
- Medicine Winners
- Indian Winners
Important Laws & Terms
- Scientific Laws
- Theories & Principles
- Science Terms (DNA, RNA)
- Key Definitions
Key Topics Covered
This quick revision guide covers important General Science topics for competitive exams:
| Category | Topic | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|
| Physics | Newton's Laws, Gravitation, Light, Sound, Electricity | Newton's 3 Laws, Universal Gravitation, Speed of Light (3×10⁸ m/s) |
| Chemistry | Periodic Table, Reactions, Acids, Bases, Metals | Mendeleev's Periodic Table, pH scale (0-14), Atomic Theory |
| Biology | Human Body, Cells, Genetics, Diseases, Nutrition | DNA, RNA, Cell (basic unit of life), Photosynthesis |
| Scientific Instruments | Microscope, Telescope, Thermometer, Barometer | Barometer measures pressure, Hygrometer measures humidity |
| Inventions | Telephone, Light Bulb, Aeroplane, Penicillin | Bell (Telephone), Edison (Bulb), Wright (Aeroplane), Fleming (Penicillin) |
| ISRO Missions | Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan, Gaganyaan, PSLV, GSLV | Chandrayaan-3 (2023), Mangalyaan (2014), Aryabhata (1975) |
| DRDO | Defence research, Missile program | Founded: 1958, Agni, Prithvi, BrahMos missiles |
| Nobel Prize | Physics, Chemistry, Medicine winners | Tagore (Literature), C.V. Raman (Physics), Khorana (Medicine) |
| Important Laws | Newton's Laws, Thermodynamics, Relativity | Einstein's E=mc², Newton's F=ma |
Quick Reference Tables
Physics Scientists
| Scientist | Contribution |
| Isaac Newton | Laws of Motion, Universal Gravitation |
| Albert Einstein | Theory of Relativity, E=mc² |
| Galileo Galilei | Telescope, Motion studies |
| C.V. Raman | Raman Effect (Nobel Prize 1930) |
| Homi Bhabha | Indian Nuclear Program |
Chemistry Scientists
| Scientist | Contribution |
| Dmitri Mendeleev | Periodic Table of Elements |
| John Dalton | Atomic Theory |
| J.J. Thompson | Discovery of Electron |
| Ernest Rutherford | Nuclear Model of Atom |
| Niels Bohr | Bohr Model of Atom |
Biology Scientists
| Scientist | Contribution |
| Charles Darwin | Theory of Evolution |
| Gregor Mendel | Genetics, Laws of Inheritance |
| Louis Pasteur | Germ Theory, Pasteurization |
| Alexander Fleming | Penicillin |
| Har Gobind Khorana | Genetics, Protein Synthesis |
Scientific Instruments
| Instrument | Use |
| Microscope | View small objects |
| Telescope | View distant objects |
| Thermometer | Measure temperature |
| Barometer | Measure atmospheric pressure |
| Hygrometer | Measure humidity |
| Ammeter | Measure electric current |
| Stethoscope | Listen to heartbeat |
Why This Quick Revision is Important
Complete Science Coverage
Covers Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Science & Technology in one concise guide.
Scientist & Invention Reference
Quick recall of important scientists, their contributions, and key inventions.
ISRO & Space Missions
Essential facts about India's space missions and defense research organizations.
High Exam Weightage
General Science questions appear in almost all competitive examinations.
Competitive Exams Covered
- SSC CGL
- SSC CHSL
- SSC MTS
- Bank PO & Clerk
- IBPS Exams
- Railway Recruitment Exams
- UPSC CSAT
- Defence Exams
- Insurance Exams
- CAT
- State Government Exams
Quick Revision Examples
Question 1:
How many laws of motion did Isaac Newton propose and what is the formula for the Second Law?
Answer: 3 laws; Formula: F = ma
Key Fact: Newton's three laws: (1) Inertia, (2) F = ma, (3) Action-Reaction. The second law states that force equals mass times acceleration.
Question 2:
Who discovered the "Raman Effect" and in which year did he win the Nobel Prize?
Answer: C.V. Raman – Nobel Prize in 1930
Key Fact: C.V. Raman discovered the Raman Effect in 1928 and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. He was the first Indian to win a Nobel Prize in Science.
Question 3:
Who is credited with creating the first periodic table and how many elements were in it?
Answer: Dmitri Mendeleev – 63 elements
Key Fact: Mendeleev created the periodic table in 1869. It had 63 elements arranged by atomic mass and properties.
Question 4:
What is the basic unit of life and what does DNA stand for?
Answer: Cell is the basic unit of life; DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Key Fact: The cell is the structural and functional unit of life. DNA contains genetic information and is found in the nucleus of cells.
Question 5:
Who discovered penicillin and in which year?
Answer: Alexander Fleming – 1928
Key Fact: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. It was the first antibiotic and saved countless lives. He won the Nobel Prize in 1945.
Question 6:
Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure and which measures humidity?
Answer: Barometer (pressure), Hygrometer (humidity)
Key Fact: A barometer measures atmospheric pressure; a hygrometer measures humidity in the air.
Question 7:
Who invented the telephone and the light bulb?
Answer: Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell, Light Bulb: Thomas Edison
Key Fact: Bell patented the telephone in 1876. Edison invented the practical light bulb in 1879.
Question 8:
When was the Chandrayaan-3 mission launched and what was its achievement?
Answer: Chandrayaan-3 launched on July 14, 2023; Successfully landed on the Moon's south pole
Key Fact: Chandrayaan-3 was launched by ISRO and successfully landed on the Moon on August 23, 2023. India became the 4th country to land on the Moon.
Question 9:
What is the name of India's Mars mission and when was it launched?
Answer: Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission) – Launched November 5, 2013
Key Fact: India successfully placed a spacecraft in Mars orbit in 2014. India is the first Asian country to do so.
Question 10:
What does DRDO stand for and when was it established?
Answer: Defence Research and Development Organisation – Established in 1958
Key Fact: DRDO is India's defence research organization, responsible for developing missiles like Agni, Prithvi, and BrahMos.
Question 11:
What is the most famous equation given by Albert Einstein and what does it represent?
Answer: E = mc² – Represents the equivalence of mass and energy
Key Fact: E = mc² states that energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. This equation is the basis of nuclear energy and atomic bombs.
Final Takeaway
General Science is a vital section in all competitive exams. Regular revision of key facts from Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Scientific Instruments, Inventions, and Space Missions can significantly improve your score.
This quick revision guide serves as a comprehensive resource for last-minute preparation. Focus on remembering important scientists, their contributions, inventions, instruments, and space missions presented in tables for quick recall during exams.
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Everything You Need for General Science Revision
Explore Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Scientific Instruments, Inventions, ISRO, DRDO, Nobel Prize winners, and important laws in one place for quick and effective revision.
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