Section 2

Tapan Sinha (2 October 1924 – 15 January 2009) was one of the most prominent Indian film directors of his time forming a legendary quartet with Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak and Mrinal Sen. He was primarily a Bengali filmmaker who worked both in Hindi cinema and Bengali cinema, directing films like Kabuliwala (1957), Louha-Kapat, Sagina Mahato (1970), Apon Jon (1968), Kshudhita Pashan and children's film Safed Haathi (1978) and Aaj Ka Robinhood.

Sinha's Ek Doctor Ki Maut was based on "Abhimanyu," a story by Ramapada Choudhury. Ek Doctor Ki Maut has Shabana Azmi, Pankaj Kapoor, Irfan Khan and Anil Chaterji in the cast.

Sir Ahmad Salman Rushdie, FRSL is a British Indian novelist and essayist. His second novel, Midnight's Children, won the Booker Prize in 1981 and was deemed to be "the best novel of all winners" on two separate occasions, marking the 25th and the 40th anniversary of the prize.

His epic fourth novel, The Satanic Verses (1988), was the subject of a major controversy, provoking protests from Muslims in several countries. Death threats were made against him, including a fatwā calling for his assassination issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, on 14 February 1989. The British government put Rushdie under police protection.

Victor Marie Hugo was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. He is considered one of the greatest and best-known French writers.

Outside France, his best-known works are the novels Les Misérables, 1862, and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris), 1831.

Kuldip Nayar wrote this book in 1977. The Judgment : Inside story of the emergency in India.

Kuldip Nayar (born 14 August 1923) is a veteran Indian journalist, syndicated columnist, human right activist and author, noted for his long career as a left-wing political commentator. He was in Indian Foreign Service a diplomat and also nominated as a Member of the upper house of the Indian Parliament in 1997.

Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships, better known simply as Gulliver's Travels (1726, amended 1735), is a novel by Anglo-Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift (also known as Dean Swift that is both a satire on human nature and a parody of the "travellers' tales" literary sub-genre. It is Swift's best known full-length work, and a classic of English literature.

The book became popular as soon as it was published (John Gay said in a 1726 letter to Swift that "it is universally read, from the cabinet council to the nursery"); since then, it has never been out of print.

The author,Balwant Gargi, was born on December 4, 1916,in Bathinda (Punjab).The Naked Triangle,by Balwant Gargi,is a semi autobiographical novel, based on the theme of betrayal.It was published in 1980.

Maya Memsaab is also known as Maya and Maya: (The Enchanting Illusion in English) is a 1993 Hindi film directed by Ketan Mehta. The film is based on Gustave Flaubert's novel Madame Bovary. Beautiful young Maya (Deepa Sahi) has a mind full of dreams and a body full of desires. One day, her father falls down the stairs and breaks his leg. A young country doctor (Farooque Shaikh) comes to treat him. Love blossoms between the gentle doctor and Maya and they get married.

Initially the excitement of beginning a new life, of redecorating the house and discovering togetherness, gives her a feeling of euphoria. But gradually the monotony of marriage starts setting in. The boredom of the small-town, middle-class existence starts becoming oppressive, and she finds escape in a series of extramarital affairs. At the same time, her craving for a more glamorous life leads her to fantasies of romance and passion. She seeks refuge in the extravagant, hoping that possessing symbols of luxury will provide her some satisfaction, but it only leads her to duplicity, debt and despair.

Even her extramarital relationships, at first platonic, then passionate, end up as pathetically possessive, making her realize that adultery can become as banal as marriage. The more she gets disillusioned with reality, the further she slips into her fantasy world. And she keeps chasing her self-created mirages till her tragic, comic, heroic and magical end.

The story is narrated in flashback as a reconstruction of the life of Maya. The film ends tragically when her house is auctioned and she appears to be engulfed by her fantasy life.

Arnold Joseph Toynbee CH was a British historian, philosopher of history, research professor of international history at the London School of Economics and the University of London and author of numerous books.

'Mankind and Mother Earth' (A Narrative History of the World ) is written by Arnold Joseph Toynbee CH

Aristotle has always linked man to society in his quotations. He only said "man is a social animal".

Neela Chand is an Urdu translation of Akademi s award-winning Hindi novel by Shiv Prasad Singh. It has been translated by Zakiya Mashhadi.

This novel also won the Hindi sahitya academy award in 1990.