Simple Interest
For example, If A takes Rs. 50 from B and after using Rs. 50, A returns Rs. 55 to B, then A pays (55-50) i.e., Rs. 5 as interest.
Let us consider following definitions before proceeding exercise
Principal (P) : Principal is the money borrowed or deposited for a certain time.
Interest (I) : Extra money paid for using other's money is called interest.
Amount (A) : The sum of principal and interest is called amount.
Amount = Principal + Simple Interest
Rate of Interest (R) : It is the rate at which the interest is changed on principal. It is always specified in percentage terms
Time (T) : The period, for which the money is borrowed or deposited, is called time.
Basic Formula Related to Simple Interest
Simple Interest (S.I.):
If the interest is calculated on the original principal for any length of time, then it is called simple interest.
Let Principal = P, Rate = R% per annum (p.a.) and Time = T years. Then
(i). Simple Intereest = | P x R x T | ||
100 |
(ii). Principal(P) = | 100 x S.I. | ||
R x T |
(iii). Rate(R) = | 100 x S.I. | ||
P x T |
(iv). Time(T) = | 100 x S.I. | ||
P x R |
TIPS on cracking Aptitude Questions on Simple Interest
Tip #1:Understand the formulae
1. Amount to be repaid after N years if simple interest is applied = P + (P x N x R) = P (1 + N x R)
2. Simple Interest = P x N x R
3. Amount to be repaid after N years if interest is compounded = P [(1 + R)^N]
4. Compound Interest = [P x (1 + R)^N] - P
Question: Simple interest on a certain sum of money for 3 years at 8% per annum is half the compound interest on Rs.4000 for 2 years at 10% per annum. Calculate the principal placed on simple interest.
Solution:
Let the Principal be Rs. P
Then, SI = (P x R x T) = 0.24P
Given CI = 4000(1 + 0.1)2 – 4000 = 4000(1.21 – 1) =4000 x 0.21
According to the question,
0.24P = 2000 x 0.21
=> P = 2000 x 0.21 / 0.24 = 2000 x 7 / 8 = Rs. 1750
Tip #2:If the interest rate is applied on a half-yearly, quarterly or monthly basis, the effective annual rate is calculated by compounding the interest
Question: What is the effective annual rate of interest corresponding to a nominal rate of 6% per annum payable half-yearly?
Solution:
Let the Principal be Rs. P.
Now, the rate is 6% per annum but the interest has to be paid twice a year (i.e.) an interest of 3% is applied every 6 months.
Amount to be repaid after 1 year = P x 1.03 x 1.03 = 1.0609P
=> Effective Annual Rate of interest = 6.09%
TTip #3:Use logarithms to find the time when compound rates are applied
1. log 2 = 0.301
2. log 3 = 0.477
3. log 4 = 0.602
4. log 5 = 0.699
5. log 6 = 0.778
6. log 7 = 0.845
Question: At 3% annual interest compounded monthly, how long will it take to double your money?
Solution:
Let the number of months be n and the Principal be Rs. P.
Then, P(1 + 0.03)n = 2P
=> (1 + 0.03)n = 2
=> n log ( 1.03) = log 2
=> n = log 2 / log 1.03 = 0.301 / 0.128 = 23.5
Thus. It’ll take 1 year and 11.5 months.